Abstract
Introduction
Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection which can be severe in immunocompromised patients. New treatment modalities may be useful in such patients when the lesions keep recurring despite local treatment.
Case report
We present a case of recurrent molluscum contagiosum despite re-infection via self-inoculation being prevented by prompt removal of any new lesions. Recurrence only stopped when systemic aciclovir was administered.
Conclusion
Further research is desirable to assess the real usefulness of systemic antiviral therapy for recurrent molluscum infection resistant to local therapy.
Keywords
Molluscum contagiosum; aciclovir
Introduction
Molluscum contagiosum virus is an important human skin pathogen, it is often considered to be innocuous but the skin lesions can be very persistent and cause disfigurement. It is a common condition in children while in adults it can be sexually transmitted [1]. Extensive infection can be due to immunodeficiency. Traditionally, the typical umbilicated lesions are either curetted or removed by chemicals but treating patients with multiple lesions, especially children, may be difficult and complications of local treatment include infection and scarring [2]. Recently, immune-modulating and antiviral therapies have been tried as an alternative or as adjuvant cures to traditional ablative therapies [3]. Many agents inhibiting the viral DNA polymerase are used against double-stranded DNA viruses but none have been approved to treat molluscum contagiosum [4]. We present a case report of a patient who had persistently recurring lesions until he was successfully treated with systemic acyclovir.
Methods and results: Case report
Male, 50 years old, presented with a palpable subcutaneous lump 5 millimeters in size, soft and not tender on palpation. The lesion became progressively raised involving the epidermis and umbilicated. The patient ignored the physician’s advice and squeezed the lesion himself releasing a small amount of white caseous material; the lesion subsequently disappeared but many lesions typical of molluscum contagiosum appeared nearby. These were inspected daily and removed with a forceps as soon as they were seen and diagnosis was confirmed by histology which also confirmed that the lesions were removed completely down to the dermal layer with disease free margins. Such lesions kept recurring for three months even when their prompt removal should have prevented self-inoculation to the surrounding areas. Anamnesis confirmed that none of the patient’s contacts/family was infected and could not be the cause of the recurrences. HIV, HBV and HCV infection was ruled out by serology. The patients had 50 such lesions removed; he was eventually administered acyclovir tablets 200 mg orally 5 times a day for 5 days and the lesions immediately stopped recurring.
Discussion
Molluscum contagiosum virus is known to spread by contact with lesions. It is generally believed that the virus stays localized in the epidermal layers, where it produces a typical, complex hyperproliferative lesion with an abundance of virus particles [3], but in the case above, the suspicion that virus had spread to the subcutaneous tissues made us believe that systemic therapy would be more effective than local therapy as the former could reach deeper tissues better. There are only a few reports of Cidofovir used mainly topically in the literature [5-7]. Systemic therapy was therefore started: a common antiviral drug was chosen though it has not been used for such purpose previously. The therapy administered had no adverse effects, it lasted only 1 week and the patient has been free from disease after 2 years of follow up.
Conclusion
The purpose of this case report is to promote further research: we think that the use of a brief systemic therapy with acyclovir could be investigated to assess its usefulness in patients with prolonged recurrent lesions. This could be of particular benefit to immunosuppressed patients.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Dong Ching Chiu for advices and revision.
References
- Hanson D, Diven DG (2003) Molluscum contagiosum. Dermatol Online J 9: 2. [Crossref]
- Hancox JG, Jackson J, McCagh S (2003) Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with the pulsed dye laser over a 28-month period. Cutis 71: 414-416. [Crossref]
- Chen X, Anstey AV, Bugert JJ (2013) Molluscum contagiosum virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis 13: 877-888. [Crossref]
- Dropulic LK, Cohen JI (2010) Update on new antivirals under development for the treatment of double-stranded DNA virus infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther 88: 610-619. [Crossref]
- McElhiney LF Pharmd Rph (2006) Topical Cidofovir for Treatment of Resistant Viral Infections. Int J Pharm Compd 10: 324-328. [Crossref]
- Toutous-Trellu L, Hirschel B, Piguet V, Schiffer V, Saurat JH, et al. (2004) Treatment of cutaneous human papilloma virus, poxvirus and herpes simplex virus infections with topical cidofovir in HIV positive patients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 131: 445-449. [Crossref]
- Zabawski EJ Jr (2000) A review of topical and intralesional cidofovir. Dermatol Online J 6: 3. [Crossref]
2021 Copyright OAT. All rights reserv
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Torello Lotti
University of Rome "G.Marconi" Rome
Article Type
Case Report
Publication history
Received: July 15, 2015
Accepted: August 10, 2015
Published: August 14, 2015
Copyright
©2015 Castelli ML. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation
Castelli ML (2015) Molluscum contagiosum treated with systemic aciclovir: a case report. Glob Dermatol, 2: DOI: 10.15761/GOD.1000145
Corresponding author
Marco Luigi Castelli
Via Barbacana 18 A, Cavallermaggiore, 12038, Italy, Tel: +39 335 5650647.
E-mail : casterr@infinito.it